Hàn Quốc thời Triều Tiên Vương quốc (1392-1897) không như Việt Nam và Trung Quốc. Vua Hàn Quốc chỉ xưng là Vương, Trung Quốc xưng là Đế, Việt Nam mình thì đối ngoại với Trung Quốc vẫn xưng Vương nhưng đối nội thì xưng Đế. Bài này mình tổng hợp một số chức danh và có sự so sánh các chức danh tương ứng ở Việt Nam và Hàn Quốc theo sắp xếp Việt Nam/ Hàn Quốc:

Hoàng đế/ Quốc vương.

Hoàng hậu/ Vương phi: khi Vương phi qua đời mới truy phong Vương hậu.

Hoàng nữ/ Vương nữ: khi trưởng thành thì Hoàng nữ được phong là Công Chúa còn Vương nữ thì phong Công Chúa hoặc Ông Chúa.

Hoàng tử/ Vương tử: Hoàng tử khi trưởng thành ở Việt Nam đa số sẽ được phong Vương (vì cha là Đế rồi). Còn Vương Tử được phong là Đại Quân hoặc Quân.

Hoàng Thái Hậu/ Vương Đại Phi: mẹ của nhà vua đang cai trị. Ở Hàn Quốc phân biệt rõ rệt chính thất và thiếp nên chỉ có người từng làm Vương Phi mới được tôn làm Vương Đại Phi nhưng ở Việt Nam hoàng đế ngoài vợ chính của cha mình (đích mẫu) còn tôn thêm luôn mẹ ruột mình (thân mẫu) làm thái hậu mà không có vấn đề gì.

Thái Hoàng Thái Hậu/ Đại Vương Đại Phi: Tương tự vậy nhưng là bà nội hoặc bà cố của vị vua đang cai trị Hậu cung. Việt Nam đứng đầu là Hoàng hậu tiếp theo là các Phi, Tần,…. mỗi một thời kỳ các chức danh có thể thay đổi thêm bớt nhưng nhìn chung là Hoàng hậu rồi đến Phi, Tần…. Hàn Quốc thì gọi hậu cung là Nội Mệnh phụ đứng đầu là Vương phi rồi đến Tần, Quý Nhân,… cuối cùng là Thục Viên.

Thời Lê Hoàng Trịnh Vương (Vua Lê – Chúa Trịnh)

Đặc biệt ở Việt Nam còn có 1 thời kỳ lịch sử đặc biệt là vua Lê chúa Trịnh. Vua Lê chúa Trịnh là cách gọi dân gian còn trong văn bản chính thức là Lê Hoàng Trịnh Vương. Vua Lê là Hoàng Đế, gọi là Bệ Hạ, Hoàng Thượng, Thánh Thượng… thời Lê Trung Hưng thấy hay xài Thánh Thượng hơn. Khi muốn nói với vua thường như sau: Tâu Thánh Thượng…. Thánh Thượng vạn tuế vạn vạn tuế…

Chúa Trịnh “được” phong tước Vương, gọi là Chúa Thượng, Vương Thượng, Đức Bề Trên.. Khi muốn nói với chúa thường như sau: Khải Chúa Thượng…. Chúa Thượng thiên tuế thiên thiên tuế. Vào cuối thời Nguyễn, khi nước ta đã bị thực dân Pháp đô hộ thì hoàng quyền của nhà vua đã suy yếu nên cách gọi vua cũng ko như trước nữa: gọi là Ngài Ngự (đậm chất Huế) nghe có vẻ kém sang hơn. Các bạn hay nghe những từ như chuối ngự, đậu ngự là từ cách gọi này ra. Đó là những loại chuối hay đậu dùng để tiến cống cho nhà vua. Sau này cuối thời Bảo Đại Đế gọi vua là Đức Ông nghe còn thê thảm hơn

Về chức danh trong hoàng tộc/ hoàng gia thì như mình đã nói ở trên. Còn chức danh trong Vương tộc thì tuy cùng tước Vương nhưng chúa Trịnh có khác với vua Triều Tiên một chút.

Con trai, con gái chúa vẫn gọi là Vương tử, Vương nữ. Vương tử khi trưởng thành thường được phong tước Quận Công, Quốc Công. Vương tử nào được chỉ định làm người thừa kế ngôi chúa thì vẫn gọi là Vương thế tử. Vương nữ khi trưởng thành lúc đầu được phong Quận Chúa nhưng về các đời chúa Trịnh sau khi càng ngày càng lấn ép vua Lê hơn thì phong là Công Chúa ngang với con gái nhà vua luôn.

Chính thất của chúa Trịnh là Vương Phi luôn.

Vd: Đặng Thị Huệ là vợ chúa Trịnh Sâm có hiệu là Tuyên Phi. Nhiều người nghĩ là thiếp thất nhưng thực ra là chính thê nha các bạn, vợ chúa tước là Phi.

Chúa Trịnh Sâm theo sách “Ngàn năm áo mũ”

Mẹ của chúa Trịnh thì gọi là Vương Thái Phi/ Thái Phi. Đây cũng là điểm khác giữa Việt Nam và Hàn Quốc. Hàn Quốc họ không dám dùng từ Thái vì từ này vốn là cho Hoàng tộc còn họ là Vương tộc nên không dám dùng. Riêng chúa Trịnh của VN mình thì chơi tuốt (không coi vua Lê ra gì). Ngoài ra thời Lê Trung Hưng (vua Lê chúa Trịnh) còn có 1 điểm đặc biệt là tất cả các hoàng hậu vợ vua Lê luôn luôn là con gái nhà chúa Trịnh, điều này thể hiện sự chuyên quyền kiểm soát nhà vua của nhà chúa.

Về trang phục thì nói ra sẽ rất dài và có nhiều tranh cãi cần nghiên cứu sâu. Ở đây nói sơ về triều phục và cổn miện (lễ phục)

Vua Việt Nam: Hoàng đế thiết triều sử dụng long bào màu vàng, rồng 5 móng, đội mão xung thiên. Cổn miện màu đen chủ đạo có 12 chương, miện có 12 lưu. Tuy nhiên thời Lê Trung Hưng do để làm giảm bớt uy quyền của vua Lê nên chúa Trịnh đã bỏ trang phục cổn miện này của nhà vua, sau này thời nhà Nguyễn mới khôi phục lại.

Vua Hàn Quốc: Quốc vương thiết triều dùng long bào màu đỏ (sau là đỏ đậm), rồng 5 móng, đội mão xung thiên. Cổn miện màu đen chủ đạo có 9 chương, miện có 9 lưu

Chúa Trịnh: lúc đầu thì dùng áo bào màu đỏ, bổ tử hình kỳ lân, đội mũ cánh chuồn. Sau đổi thành long bào màu đỏ, rồng 4 móng, đội mão xung thiên. Cuối cùng là đổi sang long bào màu tía không xài màu đỏ nữa để tạo sự khác biệt với các quan, rồng 5 móng, đội mão xung thiên. Xét ra thì y chang vua Lê chỉ khác mỗi long bào màu vàng còn chúa Trịnh dùng long bào màu tía.

Kuma

(Còn tiếp)

*Ảnh từ internet và các trang cổ phong trên Fb (có credit trên hình)

2,224 thoughts on “[Góc tổng hợp] Vương thất Triều Tiên – Một chút so sánh với Việt Nam (P2)

  1. Cute baby animals bring visitors to zoos and aquariums. What happens when they grow up?
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    One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium is for one of their resident animals to go viral.

    Just look at the multi-hour-long lines to see Moo Deng, a pygmy hippo in Thailand who has become an internet sensation following her July 2024 birth. The sassy animal is now a full-on brand, with Khao Kheow Open Zoo selling Moo Deng merchandise and even releasing a single “by” the hippo in multiple languages.

    Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity, with human stars like Olivia Rodrigo and Katy Perry stopping by to meet him.

    But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life — and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance.

    It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, a spokesperson for the aquarium says, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all.

    “We are getting a few guests thinking we have moved him off display completely,” says the spokesperson. “Most of the team’s time is spent pointing him out to guests because he looks so different now.”
    The bottom line is that cute baby animals make money.

    Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. At Sea Life Melbourne, standard entry tickets for adults start at $51, while the Penguin Passport — which include a 45-minute tour of the birds’ area and a look at how their food is prepared — is $199.

    The real jackpot, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money.

  2. Look of the Week: Kendrick Lamar’s Super Bowl pants signal the return of flares
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    This year’s Super Bowl halftime show was hardly a fashion extravaganza, with headliner Kendrick Lamar keeping things simple in a backwards cap and motorbike-style varsity jacket, which he kept on throughout.

    And without the costume-change roulette we’ve come to expect of halftime shows, the internet fixated on one item in particular: his jeans.

    While not quite the bell-bottoms of decades past (the 1970s and the 2000s, specifically), the Compton-born rapper’s washed denim pants flared out at the knee and dragged beneath his heels along the stage at Caesars Superdrome in New Orleans. His silhouette stood in stark contrast to that of record producer Mustard, who made a brief cameo in a pair of outsized jeans straight from the West Coast hip-hop playbook.
    Opinions were, as ever, divided on social media. Some users described Lamar’s flares as “women’s jeans” and “Hannah Montana pants,” earning him comparisons to everyone from Jennifer Aniston to country singer Lainey Wilson. Others joked that their moms were looking for a similar pair or that they nodded to millennials, for whom flares were a teenage staple.

    But those suggesting his style was outdated, or gender-inappropriate, may not have been paying attention to the recent resurgence of flares — in both womenswear and menswear. After all, Lamar’s jeans were designed by one of the most influential figures in modern fashion, Celine’s former creative director Hedi Slimane, before he departed the French label in October.

  3. Scores of unexploded World War II bombs discovered under children’s playground
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    Scores of unexploded bombs dating from World War II have been recovered from a children’s playground in northern England after a chance discovery.

    Local officials in the town of Wooler, Northumberland called in bomb disposal experts after workers involved in a planned overhaul of Scotts Play Park found unexploded ordnance, the parish council said in a statement sent to CNN on Monday.

    Two bombs were initially removed by the British Army, the UK Ministry of Defense said in a statement. The parish council was then advised that a full survey of the area was required, according to a council spokesperson.
    Bomb disposal company Brimstone Site Investigation then uncovered 65 10-pound practice bombs and smoke cartridges on the first day of works, with a further 90 practice bombs recovered on the second day.

    The company told CNN that the bombs date from World War II.

    According to the parish council, all of the bombs need to be found and removed before the park can be reopened. It said 174 devices had been found so far.

  4. Scores of unexploded World War II bombs discovered under children’s playground
    лаки джет игра
    Scores of unexploded bombs dating from World War II have been recovered from a children’s playground in northern England after a chance discovery.

    Local officials in the town of Wooler, Northumberland called in bomb disposal experts after workers involved in a planned overhaul of Scotts Play Park found unexploded ordnance, the parish council said in a statement sent to CNN on Monday.

    Two bombs were initially removed by the British Army, the UK Ministry of Defense said in a statement. The parish council was then advised that a full survey of the area was required, according to a council spokesperson.
    Bomb disposal company Brimstone Site Investigation then uncovered 65 10-pound practice bombs and smoke cartridges on the first day of works, with a further 90 practice bombs recovered on the second day.

    The company told CNN that the bombs date from World War II.

    According to the parish council, all of the bombs need to be found and removed before the park can be reopened. It said 174 devices had been found so far.

  5. Cute baby animals bring visitors to zoos and aquariums. What happens when they grow up?
    арбитраж трафика обучение
    One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium is for one of their resident animals to go viral.

    Just look at the multi-hour-long lines to see Moo Deng, a pygmy hippo in Thailand who has become an internet sensation following her July 2024 birth. The sassy animal is now a full-on brand, with Khao Kheow Open Zoo selling Moo Deng merchandise and even releasing a single “by” the hippo in multiple languages.

    Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity, with human stars like Olivia Rodrigo and Katy Perry stopping by to meet him.

    But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life — and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance.

    It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, a spokesperson for the aquarium says, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all.

    “We are getting a few guests thinking we have moved him off display completely,” says the spokesperson. “Most of the team’s time is spent pointing him out to guests because he looks so different now.”
    The bottom line is that cute baby animals make money.

    Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. At Sea Life Melbourne, standard entry tickets for adults start at $51, while the Penguin Passport — which include a 45-minute tour of the birds’ area and a look at how their food is prepared — is $199.

    The real jackpot, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money.

  6. Astronomers briefly thought Elon Musk’s car was an asteroid. Here’s why that points to a broader problem
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    Seven years after SpaceX launched Elon Musk’s cherry red sports car into orbit around our sun, astronomers unwittingly began paying attention to its movements once again.

    Observers spotted and correctly identified the vehicle as it started its extraterrestrial excursion in February 2018 — after it had blasted off into space during the Falcon Heavy rocket’s splashy maiden launch. But more recently, the car spawned a high-profile case of mistaken identity as space observers mistook it for an asteroid.
    Several observations of the vehicle, gathered by sweeping surveys of the night sky, were inadvertently stashed away in a database meant for miscellaneous and unknown objects, according to the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center.

    An amateur astronomer noticed a string of data points in January that appeared to fit together, describing the orbit of a relatively small object that was swooping between the orbital paths of Earth and Mars.

    The citizen scientist assumed the mystery object was an undocumented asteroid and promptly sent his findings to the MPC, which operates at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a clearinghouse that seeks to catalog all known asteroids, comets and other small celestial bodies. An astronomer there verified the finding.

    And thus, the Minor Planet Center logged a new object, asteroid “2018 CN41.”

    Within 24 hours, however, the center retracted the designation.

    The person who originally flagged the object realized their own error, MPC astronomer Peter Veres told CNN, noticing that they had, in fact, found several uncorrelated observations of Musk’s car. And the center’s systems hadn’t caught the error.

  7. Look of the Week: Kendrick Lamar’s Super Bowl pants signal the return of flares
    kraken tor
    This year’s Super Bowl halftime show was hardly a fashion extravaganza, with headliner Kendrick Lamar keeping things simple in a backwards cap and motorbike-style varsity jacket, which he kept on throughout.

    And without the costume-change roulette we’ve come to expect of halftime shows, the internet fixated on one item in particular: his jeans.

    While not quite the bell-bottoms of decades past (the 1970s and the 2000s, specifically), the Compton-born rapper’s washed denim pants flared out at the knee and dragged beneath his heels along the stage at Caesars Superdrome in New Orleans. His silhouette stood in stark contrast to that of record producer Mustard, who made a brief cameo in a pair of outsized jeans straight from the West Coast hip-hop playbook.
    Opinions were, as ever, divided on social media. Some users described Lamar’s flares as “women’s jeans” and “Hannah Montana pants,” earning him comparisons to everyone from Jennifer Aniston to country singer Lainey Wilson. Others joked that their moms were looking for a similar pair or that they nodded to millennials, for whom flares were a teenage staple.

    But those suggesting his style was outdated, or gender-inappropriate, may not have been paying attention to the recent resurgence of flares — in both womenswear and menswear. After all, Lamar’s jeans were designed by one of the most influential figures in modern fashion, Celine’s former creative director Hedi Slimane, before he departed the French label in October.

  8. Cute baby animals bring visitors to zoos and aquariums. What happens when they grow up?
    арбитраж трафика каналы
    One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium is for one of their resident animals to go viral.

    Just look at the multi-hour-long lines to see Moo Deng, a pygmy hippo in Thailand who has become an internet sensation following her July 2024 birth. The sassy animal is now a full-on brand, with Khao Kheow Open Zoo selling Moo Deng merchandise and even releasing a single “by” the hippo in multiple languages.

    Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity, with human stars like Olivia Rodrigo and Katy Perry stopping by to meet him.

    But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life — and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance.

    It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, a spokesperson for the aquarium says, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all.

    “We are getting a few guests thinking we have moved him off display completely,” says the spokesperson. “Most of the team’s time is spent pointing him out to guests because he looks so different now.”
    The bottom line is that cute baby animals make money.

    Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. At Sea Life Melbourne, standard entry tickets for adults start at $51, while the Penguin Passport — which include a 45-minute tour of the birds’ area and a look at how their food is prepared — is $199.

    The real jackpot, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money.

  9. Scores of unexploded World War II bombs discovered under children’s playground
    бот лаки джет
    Scores of unexploded bombs dating from World War II have been recovered from a children’s playground in northern England after a chance discovery.

    Local officials in the town of Wooler, Northumberland called in bomb disposal experts after workers involved in a planned overhaul of Scotts Play Park found unexploded ordnance, the parish council said in a statement sent to CNN on Monday.

    Two bombs were initially removed by the British Army, the UK Ministry of Defense said in a statement. The parish council was then advised that a full survey of the area was required, according to a council spokesperson.
    Bomb disposal company Brimstone Site Investigation then uncovered 65 10-pound practice bombs and smoke cartridges on the first day of works, with a further 90 practice bombs recovered on the second day.

    The company told CNN that the bombs date from World War II.

    According to the parish council, all of the bombs need to be found and removed before the park can be reopened. It said 174 devices had been found so far.

  10. Astronomers briefly thought Elon Musk’s car was an asteroid. Here’s why that points to a broader problem
    skraken официальный сайт
    Seven years after SpaceX launched Elon Musk’s cherry red sports car into orbit around our sun, astronomers unwittingly began paying attention to its movements once again.

    Observers spotted and correctly identified the vehicle as it started its extraterrestrial excursion in February 2018 — after it had blasted off into space during the Falcon Heavy rocket’s splashy maiden launch. But more recently, the car spawned a high-profile case of mistaken identity as space observers mistook it for an asteroid.
    Several observations of the vehicle, gathered by sweeping surveys of the night sky, were inadvertently stashed away in a database meant for miscellaneous and unknown objects, according to the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center.

    An amateur astronomer noticed a string of data points in January that appeared to fit together, describing the orbit of a relatively small object that was swooping between the orbital paths of Earth and Mars.

    The citizen scientist assumed the mystery object was an undocumented asteroid and promptly sent his findings to the MPC, which operates at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a clearinghouse that seeks to catalog all known asteroids, comets and other small celestial bodies. An astronomer there verified the finding.

    And thus, the Minor Planet Center logged a new object, asteroid “2018 CN41.”

    Within 24 hours, however, the center retracted the designation.

    The person who originally flagged the object realized their own error, MPC astronomer Peter Veres told CNN, noticing that they had, in fact, found several uncorrelated observations of Musk’s car. And the center’s systems hadn’t caught the error.

  11. Look of the Week: Kendrick Lamar’s Super Bowl pants signal the return of flares
    kraken тор браузер
    This year’s Super Bowl halftime show was hardly a fashion extravaganza, with headliner Kendrick Lamar keeping things simple in a backwards cap and motorbike-style varsity jacket, which he kept on throughout.

    And without the costume-change roulette we’ve come to expect of halftime shows, the internet fixated on one item in particular: his jeans.

    While not quite the bell-bottoms of decades past (the 1970s and the 2000s, specifically), the Compton-born rapper’s washed denim pants flared out at the knee and dragged beneath his heels along the stage at Caesars Superdrome in New Orleans. His silhouette stood in stark contrast to that of record producer Mustard, who made a brief cameo in a pair of outsized jeans straight from the West Coast hip-hop playbook.
    Opinions were, as ever, divided on social media. Some users described Lamar’s flares as “women’s jeans” and “Hannah Montana pants,” earning him comparisons to everyone from Jennifer Aniston to country singer Lainey Wilson. Others joked that their moms were looking for a similar pair or that they nodded to millennials, for whom flares were a teenage staple.

    But those suggesting his style was outdated, or gender-inappropriate, may not have been paying attention to the recent resurgence of flares — in both womenswear and menswear. After all, Lamar’s jeans were designed by one of the most influential figures in modern fashion, Celine’s former creative director Hedi Slimane, before he departed the French label in October.

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